亚洲国产欧美精品,欧美精品一区二区三区免费,国产日韩亚洲欧洲一区二区三区,一拳超人无限内购破解版

2016年10月19日至10月22日，中國國際工程咨詢公司（簡稱中咨公司）組織中國城市軌道交通PPP專家代表團赴日內(nèi)瓦，參加聯(lián)合國歐洲經(jīng)濟委員會（簡稱聯(lián)合國歐經(jīng)會，英文縮寫UNECE）第八次PPP專家組（Team of Specialist PPP，簡稱TOS PPP）會議。聯(lián)合國歐洲經(jīng)濟委員會PPP專家組正式?jīng)Q定由中咨公司牽頭負責城市軌道交通PPP國際標準的研究制定工作。

中咨公司研究中心主任李開孟博士被選聘為聯(lián)合國城市軌道交通PPP國際標準研究專家組組長，并在聯(lián)合國歐洲總部萬國宮舉行的城市軌道交通PPP國際標準預備會上發(fā)表“城市軌道交通發(fā)展的全球視野及制定PPP標準的緊迫性”（Global Overview for Unban Rail Transit and the Urgency for PPP Standard Development）主旨演講，強調(diào)城市軌道交通是一種綠色環(huán)保的大運量公共交通方式，具有節(jié)能、節(jié)地、便捷、安全、舒適等優(yōu)勢，對城市經(jīng)濟和社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要影響。

城市軌道交通投資巨大，建設質(zhì)量和運營標準要求很高，難以完全依靠政府投資，私營部門的參與必不可少，很多國家都將PPP模式作為私營部門參與城市軌道交通項目的重要方式。在新型城鎮(zhèn)化快速推進和城市優(yōu)先發(fā)展公共交通的背景下，中國城市軌道交通起步雖然比歐洲晚了一百年，但近年來已呈現(xiàn)出世界罕見的發(fā)展速度和規(guī)模，城市軌道交通運營里程已約占全球三分之一，中國擁有在項目類型、數(shù)量和投資金額等方面均遙遙領(lǐng)先的城市軌道交通PPP項目群，有信心、有優(yōu)勢、也最有能力為城市軌道交通PPP國際標準的制定提供豐富且可資借鑒的案例資源。

中咨公司發(fā)起城市軌道交通PPP國際標準的研究制定，就是按照聯(lián)合國倡導的以人為本（People First）可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念要求，努力將城市軌道交通PPP項目實施框架進行標準化設計，減少交易成本，吸引更多的私營資本參與建設和運營維護，激勵創(chuàng)新，形成可推廣的政策框架和PPP模式運作原則，致力于共同實現(xiàn)聯(lián)合國2030可持續(xù)發(fā)展議程所設定的目標。演講具體內(nèi)容刊發(fā)如下，供讀者參考。

Global Overview for Unban Rail Transit and the Urgency for PPP Standard Development

Prof.Li, Kaimeng, Ph.D., Director General of CIECC Research Centre

Dear Colleagues,

I’m Li Kaimeng, from China International Engineering Consulting Corporation(CIECC). It is my great pleasure to be there joining the Team of Specialist (TOS) PPP meeting, and use this opportunity to discuss together how to develop the best practicee PPP model on Urban Rail Transit to support the member states to develop a greener environment and quality life.

I would share with you about my vision on the global overview of Urban Rail Transit, and the urgency for the PPP standard development in terms of people-first principle.

Compared with traditional public transport systems, urban rail transit is a greener and environmental-friendly transport mode with energy-efficiency, land-conservation, huge traffic capacity, less pollution, convenience, safety and comfort, which is in line with the principles of sustainable development requirements, especially suitable for the public transport needs in large and medium-size cities.

Although urban rail transit has a history of over 150 years (the first line in London in1863), urban rail transit system has been built in large-scale internationally only since 1970s. Until now, over 50 countries have operated subways in more than180 cities, the gross length of which has exceeded 10,000 kilometers. It includes Metro, Light rail, Monorail, Urban fast track, tram, Maglev Train and APM.

Progress of urbanization all over the world, especially in developing countries, leads people to an increasing requirement on ecological and green urban transport. In choosing the mode of urban transportation, people pay more and more attention to land and energy saving, environment quality improvement, and passengers safety. As a result, urban rail transit has become the priority of public transportation in large and medium-sized cities.

In Tokyo, urban rail transit has undertaken 88% of the gross city passenger volume, comparing to 71% of London, 70% of Paris and 55% of Moscow. In big cities of China like Beijing and Shanghai, urban rail transit undertakes 86.6% and 89.1% passenger volume respectively in downtown urban areas.

In term of technology, most countries in the world attach great importance to the innovation and application of new technologies on urban rail transit. They are trying to improve the innovation and application of RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Safety), big data, BIM （Building Information Modeling） technologies in the area of urban rail transit, with consideration of green, environment protection, intelligence and sustainability.

For instance, in China, 7 national engineering labs have been built up to improve the research and innovation of high-technologies, including rail transit system test, automobile system integration, communication and operation control of trains, technologies on transit system security assurance, transit system security and maintenance assurance, technologies on green and safe construction, and technologies on digital construction and assessment.

Urban rail transit construction not only needs huge investments and influences many stakeholders, but also requires high construction and operation quality, which cannot only rely on the investment and operation by public sectors, but needs involvement of private sectors as well. PPP is regarded as a very important model for the implementation of urban rail transit projects in most countries.

It is very complicated to apply PPP model upon urban rail transit sector. Factors such as the exploitation of urban land, urban transportation network planning, business mode structure design, and the requirement of energy conservation and environment protection should all be taken into consideration.

Comparing to ordinary railways, urban rail transit would exert very different influences on urban regions and industry. Thus, it is of great significance and necessity to establish a PPP international standard specially focus on urban rail transit sector. We suggest to develop a UNECE PPP standard in accordance with the best practice of urban rail transit PPP projects, so that we could promote the private sectors to involve more effectively in the investment, construction and operation of urban rail transit sector, and the urban rail transit projects can be developed healthily under the people-first principles and the sustainable development goals (SDGs) advocated by the United Nations.

At present, national urban public transport authorities and PPP policymakers of different countries, especially the developing countries in the world are trying to develop comprehensive PPP policy systems for urban public transport, while the World Bank and the Asia Development Bank have also been actively advocating the construction of public transport systems. The standard we initiative will provide policy framework and PPP model principles applied in urban rail transit sector, in line with the requirements of the international organizations and governments.

The standard will try to standardize the operation of urban rail transit PPP projects, reduce transaction costs and attract more private capital to involve in the construction and maintenances of urban rail transit projects. So it is of great importance to stimulate the innovation of urban rail transit project implementation.

At present, China is becoming the largest PPP market for urban rail transit in the world, this provides sufficient case resources for the study and development of the PPP international standard. Under the impacts of the Belt and Road Initiative, the Asia Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), the Silk Road Fund and other international initiatives, more and more Chinese enterprises have been involved in the constructions of urban rail transit projects in different countries.

We hope to make effective contribution to the preparation of the urban rail transit PPP standard.  The core project team will be made up of top experts in the field of urban rail transit sectors around the world. The standard will be in line with the requirements of the UN SDGs based on the summary of successful urban rail transit PPP cases in the world.  We hope the experts from different countries can join us to develop such a significant standard together, so that we can contribute to the realization of the UN 2030 agenda collaboratively. I am looking forward to work with you in the near future!

Thank you very much!